- Insulin and sugar (glucose) imbalances
- Insulin – hormone from the pancreas, produced in beta cells
- Glycemic control – safe insulin administration, online workbook from Society of Hospital Medicine (hospitalmedicine.org)
- Sudden illness from too much or too little sugar in bloodstream
- Two major types
- Type 1 Diabetes – affects 1 million Americans
- Type 2 Diabetes – most common type affecting 90 – 95% of diabetics
- Type 2 Diabetes warnings – any signals of Type 1 Diabetes; frequent infections of (most commonly) skin, gums, and bladder; blurred vision; numbness in the legs, feet, and finger; cuts or bruises slow in healing; itching
- Pre-diabetes – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention improvements for health, health care, evidence (health indicators)
- Counseling service – effective in healthy eating and behavior changes
- Known risks (slide 5)
- Long-term implications (slide 5)
- Short-term implications
- Hyperglycemia – sugar present but cannot be transported to cells due to no or ineffective insulin
- Diabetic ketoacidosis – build-up of waste products and acidity from no or ineffective insulin
- Diabetic coma – life-threatening hyperglycemia emergency
- Hypoglycemia – blood sugar is too low
- Insulin shock – life-threatening hypoglycemia emergency
- Signals – changes in level of consciousness (LOC), changes in mood and affect, irregular breathing, feeling and looking ill, abnormal skin appearance, dizziness and headache, confusion
- A1C test – healthcare community, American Association of Diabetes Educators, health and wellness
- At risk weight chart-
| o 4’10” | o 129lbs | o 4’11” | o 133lbs | o 5’0” | o 138lbs |
| o 5’1” | o 143lbs | o 5’2” | o 147lbs | o 5’3” | o 152lbs |
| o 5’4” | o 157lbs | o 5’5” | o 162lbs | o 5’6” | o 167lbs |
| o 5’7” | o 172lbs | o 5’8” | o 177lbs | o 5’9” | o 182lbs |
| o 5’10” | o 188lbs | o 5’11” | o 193lbs | o 6’0” | o 199lbs |
| o 6’1” | o 204lbs | o 6’2” | o 210lbs | o 6’3” | o 216lbs |
| o 6’4” | o 221lbs | o | o | o | o |
- Pre-diabetes – http://www.diabetes.org
- Gestational diabetes – pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (PRAMS), Department of Reproductive Health
- Treatment – Safety emphasized in recognizing, treating, providing first aid for sudden illness
- Check – Call – Care – if any doubts call 9-1-1, monitor person (LOC and breathing), assist to comfortable position for rest, check that person is warm enough or cool enough, comfort person, care for diabetic emergency
- Impact of Diabetic Emergencies
- Kentucky residents with diabetes – 28.55%
- National prevalence of diabetes – 26.72%
- 457,000 diabetic emergencies occurred in the USA in 2014
- Basic care for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia same (slide 11)Diabetic EmergenciesHealth Literacy
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